The changing characteristic features to streamline the Global market 2015

       

Precision is the need of the hour. Today, the international market teems with customers, who are more allured to quality, than ever before. Each day, leaves the planners and executing wing of the nations, sleepless. This is an outcome of ‘Necessity is the mother of invention’.There has been a growing competition in the world market, but tinged with innovation. Again, the market, today, differs from the market of the preceding years. Earlier, the market strategy and innovation, survived, at least, for a period of time. But, these days, things have taken a different turn. The global trend, under the umbrella of globalization, has changed its rhythm. It seems to be singing a different song. The market, with its traders, witness not a prolonged innovation, but the one that has been changing its shape, within  a short span of time.

         The sweeping awareness among the large part of the world population, and the increase in the purchasing power of the consumers, across the globe, has made the world market, an emanating point for products, tinged with a renewed innovation, which might reach upto the expectation of the customers.

        The changing demands of the consumers, and the market trends, will bring a corresponding change in the manufacturing strategies of the entrepreneurs and the managing body. The manufacturing sector and tertiary sector as well, will look for highly skilled workforce, who would get negotiated for a cost-effective salary. The two-pronged approach will take into its ambit both precision and low wages. The aim would be to enhance the quality of the product and the services , and at the same time, trying to bring down the cost of input.

        Frequent orientation programmes and training sessions will be conducted to update the skills of the workers. Intermittent meetings would be conducted to season the minds of the administrative rungs of the hierarchy.

German Economy

         
              Germany is the largest economy in Europe and the fourth largest in terms of nominal GDP in the world. It stands in the 5th place in world, in GDP (PPP). It is one of the chief members of the EU and the Eurozone. It is social market economy. It is the major industrialized nation in terms of commitment to renewable energy transition. Energiewende emphasizes the spirit of the transition. It is the largest producer of wind turbines. 29% of its domestic electricity needs come from its renewable sources of energy.

                Having recorded the highest trade surplus($ 285 billion), it is the biggest capital exporter in the world. Germany is the third largest exporter in the world with $1.511 trillion. Service sector contributes 70% of the GDP approximately. The secondary sector and agriculture have  share of 29.1% and 0.9% respectively. 4.1% of the national output is exported.

                     Most of the German companies (99%) belong to the German "Mittlestand." The small and medium sized enterprises are family-owned. The world's 500 largest publicly-listed companies, as per the report of Fortune Global 500, 50 companies are headquartered in Germany. Of these, the top 10 areVolkswagen, BMW, Siemens, BASF, Allianz, Munich Re, E. ON, Bayer, Dalmier and RWE. Germany is the top location for trade fairs. Around two-thirds of the world's leading trade fairs take place in Germany. It is the largest exporters of arms among the non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. The main cities that become the venue to a number of trade fairs and seminars are Munich, Hanover, Frankfurt and Berlin.

                      The financial capital of Germany is Frankfurt. The currency of Germany is Euro. The nominal GDP of Germany in the year 2014 was 3.915 trillion. It purchasing power parity for 2014 was 3.486 trillion. In terms of nominal GDP, Germany ranks 4th in the world.and in ppp its rank is 5th. In 2014, Germany reconrded 1.6% GDP growth rate. The per capita income of Germany in 2015 is $48,226 and its PPP is $46,896. According to the economy survey report on Germany, its agriculture has  0.9% in the country's GDP. The secondary sector has a share of 29.1%. The tertiary sector has a share of 70%. By January 2015, its unemployment is only 4.9%                                          .
                                                                                           ^{German economy minister Sigmar Gabriel} 
             The main industries in Germany are iron and steel, coal, cement, mineral fuels, chemicals, plastics, productions production machinery, vehicles, trains, shipbuilding, space and aircraft, machine tools, electronics, information technology, optical and medical apparatus, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, textiles.In business, Germany ranks 20th.
            Germany's exports stand at $1.511 trillions according to the 2014 report. Its exports mainly include motor vehicles, machinery. chemicals, computer and electronic products, electrical, equipment, pharmaceuticals, metals, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, rubber and plastic products.

   
             Netherlands, United Kingdom, France, United States, Austria, China, Italy, Switzerland, Poland and Belgium are the main partners, sharing its exports. Netherlands shares 6.9%. The 2013 estimates about Germany's exports tell us that the share of United Kingdom is 7.4%, France is 9.8%  United States is 6.4%, Austria is 5.5%, China is 5.4%, Italy is 5.2%, Switzerland is 4.6%, Poland is 4.1%and Belgium is 4.1%.

             Germany's imports stand at $1.226 trillion. Its import includes machinery, data processing equipment, electric equipment, vehicles, chemicals, oil and gas, metals, pharmaceuticals, agricultural products and food stuffs. Mostly, the imported goods come from Netherlands(14.2%). France has a share of 7.7%. Belgium stands in the third place with 6.4%. China maintains the fourth place (6.4%) in having a share of Germany's imports.. Only 4.9% of Germany's imports come from U.K..Austria shares 4.4% of its imports. Russia and Poland have 4.3% each. 4.1% of the imports of Germany come from Switzerland. Czech Republic's exports to Germany forms 4% of Germany's imports. By June 30, 2012, its FDI stock stood at $1.335 trillion while its gross external debt sttood at $5.717 trillion. Its public debt had a lion's share in its GDP of 2013(69.46%).

                   As per 2013, Germany's revenues stood at 1.626 while the expenses rose to $1.624. In the recent survey, Germany's rank in the list of corruption, was 12.

 
     

       

Is Jan Dhan diluted ?

              Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana is a National Mission (PMJDY)  has been started by the prime minister of India, Narendra Modi, on 28 August , 2014. He announce this scheme during his first Independence Day speech on 15 August, 2014. The scheme aims at ensuring the common man living in India to have access to financial services like banking savings and deposit accounts, remittance, credit, insurance, pension and other financial benefits granted by the government, for the deserving sections, in future.

              !.5 crore bank accounts were opened under this scheme. This entered the Guiness book of World Records. According to the Guinness World Records Certificate, most bank accounts opened in one week      As announced by the PM of India, Jan Dhan is a scheme to benefit the common man of India. Thus this scheme has a lot of benefits for families opening an account under this scheme.

               The massive opening of the accounts should have targeted only those families who do not possess any bamk account. But the achievement of PMJDY needs to reach and relieve still many families who have not yet managed to open an account. There is still,an existence of rich classes who have a great influence on the rural poor. The timidity of such poor prevent them from having an account. As such, a regular vigilance through secret methods, should be initiated with a political will to rescue such families from the traditional suffering. When all the needy and  the people who fall in BPL, avail themselves of the scheme, the nation will have achieved one milestone in the path of progress. This may be one task but it would bring out such families who are always deprived of the government benefit stream. In most welfare schemes during the past decades, the money meant for the poor, either got embezzled or has been got deviated to the well-doing sections of the rural and urban society.

                  Controlling the above pilferage, will be a Herculean task for the government.. Firstly, the lack of political will among the leaders, add the administrative officials into their corrupt stream. Secondly, the complaisant nature of the downtrodden section of rural society, makes the work easy for the  'bada babus and bada  sahebs, who are the actual rulers of the village.

                  Hence, when a scheme is rolled out, the basic preventive measure to be taken is to see that it does not go off the track. Otherwise, the deserving needy, living in the remote corners of rural India, remain aloof, from the government's financial stream, which is basically meant for the upliftment of the downtrodden. Secondly, the branches of the banks, must be extended in a way to reach such families, which live far away from the banks, and do not have a road connectivity.

                  On the other hand, the government has to feel complacent with the number of accounts opened. The fact is the existing account holders have a lion's share in the figure of 1.5 crore achieved. The duplication of accounts, is not only a waste of time for the bankers, but also a waste of stationery. Such schemes are not only impressive by nature but also an uphill task. For instance, when a man ventures into path with many thorns, he should be equipped with shoes. So, the speed of opening the accounts and the numbers of accounts alone, cannot give out quality.


              

Co-operative Federalism

              Co-operative Federalism is the spirit and the guiding principle behind the newly created National

Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog.
     
           
               The recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission has been whole-heartedly accepted by the

government though they have a far reaching implications for the central government's budget-making. The

Commission has recommended 42% Central government's tax revenues to the states.  The recommendations

of the finance commissions in the past, ranged from one to two percents. Astonishingly, the giant leap this

year, which gives an enormous share, reduces the fiscal space for the central goernment to a considerable

extent. Subsequentlly, the defence has to compete with other sectors to maintain its share. As per the

roadmap, revenue expenditure is projected to grow by 13.5% in the remaining years of the projected period,

to keep it firm.

               Unlike the 13th Finance Commission which covered both revenue and capital expenditure, the

14th Finance Commission has limited its projection to defence revenue expenditure only, arguing that capital

expenditure is beyond the scope of its assessment.
 
           

Indian Defence budget 2015-16

                  The defence budget of India has grown by eight percent over the previous year’s Defence 

budget but the growth rate amounts  to 11% over the revised  allocation for 2014-15. It is obvious that 

original budget allocation of 2014-15 has been revised downward to the extent of Rs.6,630 crore. This is 

because of the reduction in the capital expenditure by Rs.12,623 crore. On the other hand, the revenue 

expenditure has been revised upward by Rs. 5,993 crore.

                Putting together the revenue expenditure and the capital expenditure of the Indian 

Defence Budget of the past two successive allocations, the total amount under the Budget 

Estimate  

was Rs. 229000.0 for 2014-15. The total amount allocated under the Revised Estimate for 2014-15 

was Rs. 222370.0. The total amount under the Budget Estimate for 2015-16 is Rs. 246727.0. 

                While the share of Defence Budget in Central Government Expenditure in 2015-16 is 13.9% , the 
share for the previous year was 12.8%.

                Like in the past, the Army has the lion's share (53% of the defence budget ( Rs. 1,30,874 crore).

 The Air Force stands in the second place with an allocation of Rs. 56,658 crore. The occupies the third 

place with Rs. 40,529 crore. The D.R.D.O. gets Rs. 14,358 crore. An allocation of Rs. 3644 crore has 

been done for the Ordinance Factories.

                The Air Force comes a distant second with an allocation of Rs. 56,658 crore, followed by the Navy (Rs. 

40,529 crore), Defence Research and Development Organisation (Rs. 14,358 crore) and Ordnance 

Factories (Rs. 3,644 crore) (see Figure II).  It is to be noted, however, that the Army is the most 

revenue-intensive service. In 2015-16, 80 per cent of its budget has been earmarked for revenue 

expenditure. The corresponding figures for the Navy and Air force are 38 and 41 per cent, respectively.

Chinese Military Budget

                   In 2014, the Chinese government allocated $131.57 billion as Chinese annual military budget. 

This is an increase from the 2013 military budget (an increase of 12.2%) With this big leap, China becomes 

the second leading nation in the world in huge spending for military budget. The U.S. stands in the first place 

in allocation of huge money for the annual military budget.

     

                      China became the third largest exporter of major arms in 2010-14

 In 2003, the defense spending of China was estimated to be 38 billion dollars (2.3% of China’s GDP). The 

official figure was 22.4 billion dollars.

                   

                       Chinese military spending doubled between 1997 and 2003, getting close to the defense 

spending of the U.K. and Japan. It continued to grow 10% annually during 2003-2005. The Chinese military 

spending for 2009 was US$ 100 billion as per the Report of  SIPRI. In 2012, reports said that the Chinese 

military spending could go upto $525.40 by the year 2015, which is larger than all other Asian nations 

combined.

Two-thirds majority deciding the future of a nation

            In a democracy, two-thirds majority puts the bill or legislation into force. Before it takes the shape of law, the legislators should educate themselves with do's and don'ts, discriminating the good and the bad, and how to derive conclusions. One needs to come out of his ego, the ego that he is always right and as such, need not heed to anybody or to the second thought.
                           
                                    Repentance can alter the mind but not actions done.